nHexane

N-hexane, or n-hexane, is an alkane hydrocarbon with the formula C6H14. It is the straight‑chain isomer of hexane. At room temperature it is a colorless, highly volatile liquid with a boiling point of 68.7°C and a melting point around −95°C. It is nonpolar and becomes a good solvent for fats, oils, waxes, and other nonpolar substances, while it is immiscible with water.

Production and occurrence occur mainly in petroleum refining and natural gas processing. N-hexane is produced industrially through distillation and purification of refinery streams and natural gas liquids, often as part of the mixture of C6 to C7 hydrocarbons. It is commonly encountered as a component of industrial solvent blends and as a solvent in various manufacturing processes.

Uses of n-hexane are diverse and largely solvent‑based. It is employed for degreasing metals, extracting edible oils, and as a solvent in cleaning products, inks, adhesives, and varnishes. It is valued for its ability to dissolve nonpolar substances and for its relatively low cost and volatility.

Safety and environmental considerations are important. N-hexane is highly flammable, and its vapor can form explosive mixtures with air. Occupational exposure can cause neurological effects, including dizziness and, with chronic exposure, peripheral neuropathy. The neurotoxic effects are linked to a metabolite called 2,5‑hexanedione. Regulatory and occupational health guidelines emphasize adequate ventilation, containment, and personal protective equipment when handling the substance. It is categorized as a hazardous solvent and managed to minimize inhalation and dermal contact risks.