nýrnaþræðilsbólga

Nýrnaþræðilsbólga, also known as glomerulonephritis, is a type of kidney disease that affects the glomeruli, which are the small filtering units in the kidneys. These glomeruli are responsible for removing waste products and excess fluid from the blood to produce urine. When the glomeruli become inflamed or damaged, their filtering function is impaired, leading to various kidney problems.

The causes of nýrnaþræðilsbólga can be diverse. It can arise as a primary condition, meaning it affects the kidneys directly, or it can be secondary to other systemic diseases such as lupus, IgA nephropathy, or infections like streptococcal infections. Autoimmune diseases, where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues, are a common underlying cause. Genetic factors can also play a role in some forms of the disease.

Symptoms of nýrnaþræðilsbólga vary depending on the severity and specific type. Some individuals may experience no noticeable symptoms, while others might develop noticeable signs such as blood in the urine (hematuria), protein in the urine (proteinuria), swelling (edema) in the face, hands, or feet, high blood pressure (hypertension), and reduced urine output. In more advanced stages, fatigue, nausea, and shortness of breath can occur.

Diagnosis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, urine tests to detect blood and protein, and blood tests to assess kidney function. Kidney biopsy, a procedure where a small sample of kidney tissue is examined under a microscope, is often performed to determine the specific cause and extent of the inflammation.

Treatment for nýrnaþræðilsbólga depends on the underlying cause and severity. It may include medications to manage blood pressure, reduce inflammation, suppress the immune system, or treat infections. Dietary changes, such as reducing salt and protein intake, might also be recommended. In cases of severe kidney damage, dialysis or kidney transplantation may be necessary. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial for preserving kidney function and preventing long-term complications.