näkökenttäaukko

A näkökenttäaukko, which translates from Finnish as "visual field defect," refers to a blind spot or area of reduced vision within a person's visual field. The visual field encompasses everything visible when the eye is fixed in one position. A defect means that a portion of this area is not perceived normally. These defects can vary greatly in size, shape, and location.

Causes of näkökenttäaukko are diverse and often relate to damage or dysfunction within the visual pathway, from the retina to the visual cortex in the brain. Common causes include glaucoma, which damages the optic nerve; retinal diseases like macular degeneration or diabetic retinopathy; optic nerve damage due to inflammation or tumors; and cerebrovascular accidents (strokes) or brain tumors affecting the visual processing areas of the brain.

Symptoms depend on the location and severity of the defect. Some individuals may not notice small or peripheral defects, while larger or central defects can significantly impact daily activities such as reading, driving, or recognizing faces. A näkökenttäaukko can manifest as a shadow, a blind spot, or simply a blurring of vision in a specific area. Diagnosis typically involves a visual field test, also known as perimetry, which maps the extent of a person's vision. Treatment strategies are aimed at addressing the underlying cause, as the defect itself is often permanent once formed.