myxedém

Myxedema is a severe deficiency of thyroid hormones. It is a condition that develops in individuals with untreated hypothyroidism, a disorder where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones. Myxedema is characterized by non-pitting edema, meaning the swelling does not leave an indentation when pressed. This swelling is typically most noticeable in the face, around the eyes, and on the extremities.

The symptoms of myxedema can be varied and often develop slowly, making diagnosis challenging. Besides the characteristic swelling, individuals may experience fatigue, cold intolerance, weight gain, dry skin, hair loss, and a hoarse voice. Cognitive impairment, such as slow thinking and memory problems, can also be present. In severe cases, myxedema can lead to myxedema coma, a life-threatening condition characterized by confusion, hypothermia, and respiratory depression.

The underlying cause of myxedema is always severe hypothyroidism. This can result from autoimmune diseases like Hashimoto's thyroiditis, thyroid surgery, radiation therapy to the neck, or certain medications. Diagnosis is typically confirmed through blood tests measuring thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormone levels.

Treatment for myxedema involves hormone replacement therapy with synthetic thyroid hormone, usually levothyroxine. The dosage is carefully adjusted to restore normal thyroid hormone levels and alleviate symptoms. Prompt and appropriate treatment can significantly improve the prognosis and prevent long-term complications.