mykotoksiiniryhmät

Mykotoksiiniryhmät refer to classifications of toxic secondary metabolites produced by fungi. These compounds, known as mycotoxins, can contaminate food and feed crops, posing significant health risks to humans and animals. Mycotoxin classification is typically based on their chemical structure and biological activity.

Common mykotoxin groups include aflatoxins, fumonisins, ochratoxins, trichothecenes, and zearalenone. Aflatoxins, produced by Aspergillus species, are potent carcinogens and are often found in corn, peanuts, and tree nuts. Fumonisins, also produced by Fusarium species, can cause esophageal cancer in humans and pulmonary edema in horses. Ochratoxins, produced by Aspergillus and Penicillium species, are nephrotoxic and can affect poultry and swine. Trichothecenes, a large group of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium, Stachybotrys, and other fungi, exhibit a range of toxic effects including vomiting, diarrhea, and immune suppression. Zearalenone, produced by Fusarium species, is a mycoestrogen that can cause reproductive disorders in animals.

The presence and levels of mycotoxins are influenced by environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and agricultural practices. Contamination can occur in the field before harvest or during storage. Analytical methods are used to detect and quantify mycotoxins in food and feed to ensure safety and compliance with regulatory limits. Management strategies aim to prevent fungal growth and mycotoxin production through proper harvesting, drying, storage, and processing techniques.