mykorizo

Mykorizo is a term that refers to the symbiotic association between a fungus and the roots of a plant. This partnership is incredibly common in nature, with estimates suggesting that over 90% of plant species engage in some form of mykorizal symbiosis. The fungus colonizes the root system of the plant, either externally or by penetrating the root cells. In return for this housing, the plant provides the fungus with carbohydrates produced during photosynthesis.

The benefits to both partners are significant. The fungal hyphae, which are microscopic threads, extend far beyond the plant's roots into the soil. This vastly increases the surface area available for nutrient and water absorption, effectively acting as an extension of the plant's root system. The fungus is particularly adept at acquiring phosphorus and other essential minerals that might otherwise be unavailable to the plant. In exchange, the plant supplies the fungus with sugars, which it cannot produce itself.

There are several types of mykorizal associations, with the two most prominent being ectomykorizae and endomykorizae. Ectomykorizae typically form a sheath around the root tip, with hyphae growing into the intercellular spaces. Endomykorizae, also known as arbuscular mykorizae, penetrate the plant root cells, forming specialized structures called arbuscules where nutrient exchange occurs. This mutualistic relationship is crucial for the health and survival of many plant species in diverse ecosystems.