myelomák

Myelomák, also known as multiple myeloma, is a cancer of plasma cells, a type of white blood cell found in the bone marrow. Plasma cells are responsible for producing antibodies that help fight infection. In multiple myeloma, these plasma cells become cancerous, multiply uncontrollably, and accumulate in the bone marrow. This accumulation can crowd out healthy blood-forming cells, leading to a variety of health problems.

The exact cause of multiple myeloma is unknown, but certain risk factors have been identified. These include age, with most diagnoses occurring in individuals over 60, and ethnicity, as it is more common in people of African descent. Exposure to certain chemicals, such as pesticides and radiation, may also increase the risk.

Symptoms of multiple myeloma can vary widely but often include bone pain, particularly in the back and ribs, fatigue, frequent infections, anemia, and kidney problems. The excess cancerous plasma cells can also produce abnormal proteins that can damage organs.

Diagnosis typically involves blood and urine tests to detect abnormal proteins, bone marrow biopsy to examine plasma cell levels, and imaging tests like X-rays, CT scans, or MRI to assess bone damage.

Treatment for multiple myeloma aims to control the cancer, manage symptoms, and improve quality of life. Options may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and stem cell transplantation. The prognosis for multiple myeloma has improved significantly with advancements in treatment, but it remains a chronic condition.