multitrack

Multitrack refers to a recording or playback process in which multiple separate audio signals are captured on individual tracks within a single recording. Each track preserves its own level, frequency content, and effects, allowing independent control during mixing. A multitrack recording can be composed of mono or stereo signals and is typically mixed down to stereo or surround playback.

Historically, multitrack recording evolved with magnetic tape technology, enabling more tracks than were possible with single-track systems. From early experiments with two- and four-track machines, engineers expanded to eight, sixteen, or more tracks. This progression facilitated overdubbing, layering of performances, and more complex arrangements. With the advent of digital audio workstations and computer-based interfaces, multitrack recording became fully non-linear, with virtually unlimited track counts, non-destructive editing, and flexible routing.

Common techniques associated with multitrack recording include overdubbing, where performers record new parts over existing tracks; comping, the process of synthesizing the best sections from multiple takes; and punch-in recording for correcting specific passages. Tracks are routed to buses or groups for submixing, and effects or equalization can be applied at track or bus level. Synchronization with other devices or media can be achieved using timecode, MIDI, or sample-accurate clocks.

Multitrack is used in music production, film and television sound, radio, and live sound environments. In modern practice, multitrack projects are stored in digital formats within a DAW, where tracks can be edited, processed, and mixed, and later exported as master files or stems for further use. The term also appears in analog contexts, such as multitrack tape machines, which store several discrete audio tracks on magnetic tape.