monoiodinated

Monoiodinated describes a molecule that contains exactly one iodine atom substituted at a particular position, produced by a monoiodination reaction. The term is used across organic, medicinal, and radiochemical applications to distinguish singly iodinated compounds from di-, tri-, or polyiodinated derivatives.

Methods for achieving monoiodination vary with the substrate. Electrophilic iodination using iodine or iodine-based reagents (for example, N-iodosuccinimide or iodinating oxidants) can furnish mono-iodinated products on activated aromatic systems or reactive alkenes under controlled conditions. For aliphatic substrates, selective monoiodination often relies on directing groups, steric hindrance, or radical approaches that favor a single new C–I bond. Isotopic labeling with radioactive iodine (such as I-125 or I-131) is also described as monoiodination and is common in tracing and imaging studies.

Challenges in monoiodination center on achieving site selectivity and preventing polyiodination, especially when multiple reactive sites are present. Reaction conditions must balance reactivity and selectivity, sometimes employing protective groups or sequential functionalization strategies.

Applications of monoiodinated compounds include serving as versatile intermediates for cross-coupling reactions (such as Suzuki-Miyaura or Sonogashira couplings), enabling the construction of more complex molecules in pharmaceuticals and materials science. In radiochemistry and molecular imaging, mono-iodinated tracers are valued for their defined labeling and subsequent tracking in biological systems.

Overall, monoiodinated denotes a single iodine-containing product, reflecting selective introduction of one iodine atom to form Mono-iodinated derivatives useful in synthesis and labeling contexts.