mitmekeelsus
Mitmekeelsus (multilingualism) is the ability to use and understand more than one language, or the presence of multiple languages within a community or institution. At the level of an individual, it means speaking, listening, reading, and writing in two or more languages. At the societal level, it describes language diversity in a population, the coexistence of languages in education, media, administration, and public life.
There are different angles of mitmekeelsus: individual and societal; additive bilingualism where additional languages complement the
In Estonia and Europe, mitmekeelsus is influenced by language policy and demographic change. Estonia promotes Estonian
Impacts and debates. Research on multilingualism reports possible cognitive benefits related to executive control, as well
Measurement and study. Researchers assess mitmekeelsus through self-report surveys, standardized language proficiency tests, and analyses of