misoprostoli

Misoprostol, known in Italian as misoprostolo, is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analog used as a medication for several distinct indications. It is sometimes discussed under the term misoprostoli in non-English sources. The drug is available in several formulations and routes of administration.

Medical uses include prevention of NSAID-induced gastric ulcers in adults at risk, where it helps protect the gastric mucosa and reduce ulcer formation. Misoprostol is also used to induce labor or promote cervical ripening in pregnant people under medical supervision, and it can be employed as part of medical abortion regimens, typically alongside another agent such as mifepristone or methotrexate, within approved gestational limits. In settings with limited resources, misoprostol is an important uterotonic for the prevention and treatment of postpartum hemorrhage, especially when oxytocic drugs or infusion-based care are not available.

Pharmacology and mechanism of action revolve around its prostaglandin E1 activity. It stimulates uterine contractions, promotes cervical ripening, and in the gastrointestinal tract reduces acid secretion while increasing mucosal protection. These effects underlie its varied clinical uses but also contribute to side effects and risks when misused or used inappropriately.

Administration and safety considerations include multiple routes of administration, such as oral, sublingual, buccal, and vaginal formulations. The drug should be used only under medical supervision, with careful consideration of the indication and gestational status. Adverse effects commonly include abdominal cramps, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, fever, and uterine contractions. It is contraindicated in certain pregnancy-related contexts when the aim is to preserve pregnancy and requires caution in patients with active labor or ectopic pregnancy risk. Misoprostol is listed on the World Health Organization’s essential medicines list and is widely used worldwide.