misfarging

Misfarging is a term used to describe unwanted color changes or color transfer affecting materials, most commonly textiles. It encompasses both discoloration of the original material and staining caused by dyes or pigments moving between substances. In conservation and industry, misfarging is considered a defect that can compromise appearance and value.

Causes include poor fixation of dyes during manufacturing, chemical reactions during washing, exposure to light (photodegradation), heat, humidity, or contact with incompatible substances such as household detergents, solvents, or cosmetics. Dye bleed, crocking, and cross-staining are common manifestations.

In textiles, misfarging may occur when a dyed fabric releases dye onto another fabric (bleed) or when white or light-colored goods acquire tints from other materials. In art conservation, misfarging refers to unintended color changes of pigments due to environmental factors or cleaning attempts.

Evaluation relies on visual assessment and colorimetric methods. Standards such as colorfastness-to-washing propose tolerances for acceptable color change. Instrumental measurements use lightness and chroma differences (ΔE) to quantify misfarging.

Prevention focuses on using colorfast dyes and proper fixation, washing protocols, and material separation. In conservation, reversible cleaning methods and controlled environments help minimize further misfarging. When it occurs, remediation may involve targeted repainting or careful cleaning, depending on material and context.