mikroaaltosäteily

Mikroaaltosäteily, commonly known as microwave radiation, refers to a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum with wavelengths ranging from about one meter to one millimeter, and corresponding frequencies between 300 MHz (0.3 GHz) and 300 GHz. This part of the spectrum lies between radio waves and infrared radiation. Microwaves are generated by various natural sources like lightning and are produced artificially by devices such as microwave ovens, radar systems, and telecommunication equipment.

The primary characteristic of microwave radiation relevant to its applications is its ability to interact with water molecules. When exposed to microwaves, water molecules vibrate rapidly, generating heat. This principle is the basis for the operation of microwave ovens, which use a magnetron to produce microwaves that penetrate food and heat it from within. In telecommunications, microwaves are used for transmitting signals over long distances due to their ability to carry large amounts of information and their relatively low attenuation in the atmosphere. Radar systems utilize microwaves to detect objects by emitting pulses of radiation and analyzing the reflected waves.

While generally considered safe at typical exposure levels, high-intensity microwave radiation can cause thermal effects, leading to burns or tissue damage. International guidelines and regulations are in place to limit human exposure to microwave radiation from various sources, ensuring that public health and safety are maintained. Research continues to explore the potential non-thermal biological effects of microwave radiation, though current scientific consensus emphasizes the thermal mechanisms as the primary concern for health impacts.