mielinie
Mielinie, in Polish and other languages, refers to the myelin sheath of nerve fibers. The myelin sheath is a lipid-rich, insulating layer that surrounds many axons in the vertebrate nervous system and is essential for rapid signal transmission.
Structure and formation: In the central nervous system (CNS), myelin is produced by oligodendrocytes, each wrapping
Function: Myelin increases the speed of electrical impulses by reducing membrane capacitance and enabling saltatory conduction,
Development and turnover: Myelination begins in prenatal life and continues into adolescence, varying by region and
Clinical significance: Demyelinating diseases disrupt nerve signaling. In the CNS, multiple sclerosis is a prominent example;
See also: myelin, oligodendrocyte, Schwann cell, multiple sclerosis, leukodystrophy.