microparasitesviruses

Microparasites are microscopic organisms that cause disease. Viruses, a type of microparasite, are obligate intracellular parasites, meaning they can only reproduce inside living host cells. They consist of genetic material, either DNA or RNA, enclosed in a protein coat called a capsid. Some viruses also have an outer lipid envelope derived from the host cell membrane.

Upon entering a host cell, viruses hijack the cell's machinery to replicate their genetic material and produce new viral particles. This process often damages or destroys the host cell, leading to symptoms of disease. The immune system recognizes viral components and mounts a response to clear the infection. However, some viruses can evade immune detection or establish chronic infections.

Examples of viral diseases include influenza, the common cold, HIV/AIDS, and COVID-19. Viral infections can range from mild and self-limiting to severe and life-threatening. Prevention strategies include vaccination, good hygiene practices, and avoiding contact with infected individuals. Antiviral medications can help manage some viral infections by interfering with viral replication. The study of viruses is called virology.