microdiscourse

Microdiscourse is a term used in linguistics and communication studies to describe the analysis of discourse at a small scale. It focuses on the immediate, interactional units that construct meaning in everyday talk and writing—utterances, turns at talk, moves in a sequence, and the use of discourse markers. Researchers examine how these micro-structures, including hesitations, repairs, backchannels, and prosodic cues, shape interpretation and alignment between participants. Microdiscourse is contrasted with macrodiscourse, which examines broader genres, ideologies, and institutional discourses across longer stretches of text or time.

Applications extend across spoken interaction, digital communication, and mixed modalities. For example, microdiscourse analyses can illuminate how turn-taking, adjacency pairs, and repair sequences organize conversation, or how online writers manage stance and continuity through short posts and replies.

Methodologically, microdiscourse relies on close analysis of transcripts and, when possible, video data. Tools include conversation analysis and interactional linguistics, with attention to sequencing, alignment, topic development, and nonverbal cues. Data sources range from face-to-face conversations to chat logs and social media threads.

Potential uses include research on classroom talk and workplace communication, improvements in language teaching and communication training, and the design of dialogue systems and moderation tools in digital platforms. Critics caution that the term can be variably defined and that micro-level focus must be balanced with broader context to avoid fragmentary conclusions.

See also: discourse analysis, conversation analysis, pragmatics, sociolinguistics, macrodiscourse, discourse markers.