metotreksas
Metotreksas, known in English as methotrexate (MTX), is a folate analogue antimetabolite used to treat several cancers as well as inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. It inhibits key enzymes in folate metabolism, most notably dihydrofolate reductase, reducing the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and proteins. At low doses, MTX also exerts anti-inflammatory effects in part by promoting the release of adenosine.
Pharmacokinetics and administration: MTX can be given orally, intramuscularly, subcutaneously, or intravenously depending on the indication.
Indications: Common cancer indications include acute lymphoblastic leukemia, osteosarcoma, and certain lymphomas. In autoimmune diseases, MTX
Adverse effects and safety: Major risks include myelosuppression, mucositis, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and pulmonary toxicity. It is
Monitoring and contraindications: Before and during treatment, clinicians monitor blood counts, liver and kidney function, and