metatarsus

The metatarsus is the part of the foot located between the tarsal bones of the ankle and the proximal phalanges of the toes. It comprises five metatarsal bones, numbered I through V from medial (big toe) to lateral (little toe). Each metatarsal has a base (proximal), shaft, and head (distal).

The bases of the metatarsals articulate with the tarsal bones to form the tarsometatarsal joints: the first metatarsal base with the medial cuneiform, the second with the intermediate cuneiform, the third with the lateral cuneiform, and the fourth and fifth with the cuboid. The heads articulate with the proximal phalanges at the metatarsophalangeal joints. Together, the metatarsals contribute to the foot’s longitudinal and transverse arches, aiding load distribution and balance.

Functionally, the metatarsus bears weight during standing, provides stability, and powers propulsion during walking and running. The arrangement of the metatarsals supports the arch system, assists in shock absorption, and enables efficient toe-off.

Clinical relevance and variation: Anatomical variation in metatarsal length is common; the second metatarsal is often relatively long, and when the second toe appears longer, the condition is sometimes described as Morton’s toe. Pathologies affecting the metatarsus include metatarsalgia (pain under the metatarsal heads), stress fractures of the metatarsals, bunions at the first metatarsophalangeal joint, and congenital conditions such as metatarsus adductus.