metaphaseFISH

Metaphase Fluorescence *In Situ* Hybridization, commonly referred to as metaphase FISH, is a molecular cytogenetic technique used to analyze chromosomal structure and detect genetic abnormalities. This method combines fluorescence *in situ* hybridization (FISH) with the examination of metaphase chromosomes, which are cells in the process of cell division where chromosomes are condensed and easily visualized.

Metaphase FISH involves the use of fluorescently labeled DNA probes that bind to specific sequences on chromosomes. These probes are designed to target particular genes, repetitive sequences, or entire chromosomes. During metaphase, cells are harvested, treated with colchicine to arrest division at metaphase, and then spread onto a microscope slide. The slides are then subjected to denaturation to separate the DNA strands, allowing the fluorescent probes to hybridize to their complementary sequences on the chromosomes.

The technique is particularly useful for identifying chromosomal rearrangements, such as translocations, deletions, duplications, and aneuploidy. By visualizing the fluorescent signals under a fluorescence microscope, researchers and clinicians can detect abnormalities that may be associated with genetic disorders, cancers, or other pathological conditions. Metaphase FISH is often employed in diagnostic settings to provide detailed information about chromosomal alterations that may not be detectable through conventional karyotyping.

One of the advantages of metaphase FISH is its ability to analyze multiple genetic loci simultaneously, increasing the efficiency of detecting complex chromosomal abnormalities. Additionally, it can be performed on a small number of cells, making it suitable for cases where cell availability is limited. However, the technique requires specialized equipment, skilled personnel, and careful interpretation of results to ensure accuracy.