menstruação

Menstruação, also known as a period, is a natural biological process experienced by individuals who menstruate, typically occurring monthly. It is part of the female reproductive cycle and involves the shedding of the uterine lining, called the endometrium, when pregnancy does not occur. This shedding results in bleeding from the uterus through the cervix and vagina.

The menstrual cycle is regulated by hormones, primarily estrogen and progesterone, which fluctuate throughout the month. The cycle begins with menstruation and ends on the day before the next period starts. The average length of a menstrual cycle is about 28 days, but it can vary significantly from person to person, ranging from 21 to 35 days. Menstruation itself typically lasts between 3 to 7 days.

During menstruation, some individuals may experience symptoms such as cramps, bloating, fatigue, mood changes, and headaches. These symptoms can range in intensity and are often referred to as premenstrual syndrome (PMS) or menstrual discomfort. Various methods are available for managing menstrual flow, including pads, tampons, menstrual cups, and period underwear.

Menstruation is a sign of reproductive health in individuals with a uterus. The onset of menstruation, known as menarche, usually occurs during puberty, typically between the ages of 8 and 16. Menstruation continues until menopause, which is the cessation of menstrual periods, usually occurring between the ages of 45 and 55. Discussions about menstruation are important for health education and destigmatizing a normal bodily function.