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Humans, or Homo sapiens, are the only living members of the hominin family. They are characterized by their erect posture, highly developed brains, and the ability to communicate through complex language systems. Biologically, humans belong to the primate order and are distinguished by their bipedal locomotion and opposable thumbs.

Humans have an average lifespan of 67-73 years globally, though this varies significantly by region. They exhibit significant genetic diversity while sharing approximately 99% of their DNA with each other. The human brain is exceptionally large relative to body size, enabling abstract thinking, problem-solving, and self-awareness.

As social beings, humans form complex communities, cultures, and civilizations. They create and use tools, develop systems of government, and engage in artistic and scientific endeavors. Humans are unique in their capacity for moral reasoning and ethical behavior, though these concepts vary across cultures.

Throughout history, humans have migrated across all continents, adapting to diverse environments and developing distinct cultural traditions. Despite differences in appearance and customs, all humans share a common ancestry and fundamental biological characteristics.