membránokra

Membránokra is a term that can refer to several distinct concepts, primarily in biology and chemistry, and sometimes in broader engineering contexts. In biology, the most common understanding relates to cell membranes, which are fundamental structures enclosing all living cells. These biological membranes are selectively permeable barriers composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins. They regulate the passage of substances into and out of the cell, facilitate cell signaling, and maintain cellular integrity. Variations of biological membranes exist within organelles, such as the nuclear membrane or the membranes of mitochondria and chloroplasts, each with specialized functions.

In chemistry and materials science, "membránokra" can also denote artificial membranes. These are engineered materials designed to mimic or surpass the properties of biological membranes for various separation and purification processes. Examples include reverse osmosis membranes used for water desalination, microfiltration membranes for removing particles, and dialysis membranes for separating molecules based on size. The design and fabrication of these artificial membranes often involve polymers, ceramics, or composite materials, tailored to specific applications requiring precise control over permeability and selectivity. The term might also be used more generally in engineering to describe any thin, flexible barrier used for separation or containment.