melatoninin

Melatonin, also known as N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, is a hormone primarily produced by the pineal gland in the brain. Its secretion is influenced by light, with production increasing in darkness and decreasing in light. This circadian rhythm regulation is why melatonin is often referred to as the "sleep hormone."

The main function of melatonin is to regulate the body's sleep-wake cycle, also known as the circadian rhythm. It signals to the body that it is nighttime, promoting sleepiness and helping to prepare the body for rest. Beyond sleep, melatonin also plays roles in other physiological processes, including antioxidant defense, immune function, and mood regulation.

Melatonin is available as a dietary supplement, often used to address sleep disturbances such as insomnia, jet lag, and shift work disorder. It is also being investigated for potential therapeutic benefits in various medical conditions due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, it is important to consult a healthcare professional before starting melatonin supplementation, as it can interact with certain medications and may not be suitable for everyone. Research into the full spectrum of melatonin's effects and applications is ongoing.