matrixisolation
Matrix isolation is a technique used in spectroscopy and chemistry to trap and study reactive or unstable species. In this method, a sample containing the species of interest is diluted in a large excess of an inert gas, such as argon, neon, or nitrogen. This dilute mixture is then condensed onto a cold surface, typically a window cooled to cryogenic temperatures (around 10-20 Kelvin). The inert gas solidifies, forming a transparent solid matrix, and the guest molecules are dispersed within this matrix at very low concentrations.
The low temperatures and the isolation by the inert gas matrix effectively "freeze" the motion of the
Spectroscopic techniques, such as infrared (IR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy,