marisma

Marisma refers to a wetland or marshland, typically found along coastlines or in low-lying areas where freshwater rivers meet saltwater. These environments are characterized by a mixture of fresh and brackish water, supporting a unique and diverse ecosystem. The term "marisma" is often used in Spanish-speaking regions to describe these transitional zones between land and sea.

The soil in marisma areas is usually waterlogged and rich in organic matter, often composed of silt, clay, and decomposing vegetation. This creates fertile ground for specialized plant life adapted to saline or brackish conditions, such as salt-tolerant grasses, reeds, and mangroves in warmer climates. These plants play a crucial role in stabilizing shorelines and filtering water.

Marisma habitats are vital for a wide array of wildlife. They serve as important breeding grounds, nurseries, and feeding areas for numerous species of birds, fish, amphibians, and invertebrates. Many migratory birds rely on marisma wetlands for stopover points during their long journeys. The productivity of these ecosystems makes them valuable for fisheries and as natural buffers against coastal erosion and flooding. However, marisma are often vulnerable to human development, pollution, and changes in water levels, making their conservation a significant environmental concern.