marijuana

Marijuana, also known as cannabis, refers to preparations derived from the Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, or Cannabis ruderalis plants. The primary psychoactive constituent is delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC); cannabidiol (CBD) and other cannabinoids contribute to effects and potential medical uses. Marijuana is consumed by smoking, vaporizing, or ingesting in edibles, tinctures, or oils. Potency varies widely by strain, processing, and preparation.

Potential medical applications include relief of chronic pain, nausea and vomiting from chemotherapy, appetite stimulation in some illnesses, and relief of spasticity in multiple sclerosis; evidence varies by condition, and regulatory approvals exist in certain jurisdictions with medical programs.

Legality is diverse and evolving: some countries and states have legalized medical and/or recreational use, with regulatory frameworks covering age limits, potency, packaging, and taxation; others prohibit possession or sale, with penalties. In many places, cannabis products are regulated similarly to other controlled substances or agricultural commodities.

Effects on cognition and behavior can include euphoria, altered perception, impaired memory and motor coordination, and increased heart rate. Short-term adverse effects may include anxiety or paranoia; long-term use has been associated with dependence and potential mental health risks in susceptible individuals, particularly with early and frequent use. Impairment can affect driving and workplace safety.

Research on health effects, medical potential, and social impacts continues, with debates over public health, criminal justice, and regulation. Global patterns show shifting norms and policy experiments, including decriminalization, medical programs, and commercialization.