manévre

A *manœuvre* refers to a deliberate movement or action, often executed with precision and coordination, to achieve a specific objective. The term originates from the French word *manœuvre*, which itself derives from the Italian *manovra*, meaning "hand movement" or "operation." In various contexts, a manœuvre can involve physical, tactical, or strategic elements, depending on the field of application.

In military terminology, a manœuvre is a planned sequence of movements by troops, vehicles, or ships to gain an advantage over an enemy. These operations may include formations, attacks, retreats, or defensive postures, often practiced through drills or simulations to refine effectiveness. Historical examples, such as Napoleon’s maneuvers at Austerlitz, demonstrate how strategic movements can decisively influence the outcome of battles.

In aviation, a manœuvre refers to controlled flight maneuvers, such as turns, climbs, or stalls, performed to demonstrate pilot skill or evade threats. Aerobatic pilots, for instance, execute complex maneuvers like loops and rolls for display purposes. Similarly, in sailing, a maneuver involves adjusting sails and course to optimize speed or navigate obstacles, such as tacking or jibing.

In everyday language, the term can describe a calculated action to deceive or manipulate, often with a subtle or indirect approach. For example, a political maneuver might involve strategic alliances or public relations tactics to influence outcomes. The concept of maneuverability—particularly in engineering and design—refers to the ease with which an object or system can be moved or controlled, such as in vehicle handling or robotics.

Maneuvers require careful planning, adaptability, and execution to ensure success. Their application spans disciplines, from combat and transportation to art and strategy, reflecting their versatility as a fundamental concept in achieving goals through coordinated action.