manicure

Manicure is a cosmetic treatment for the fingernails, the surrounding skin, and the cuticles. It typically involves cleaning, shaping, and polishing nails; care of the cuticles; a hand massage; and often the application of nail polish or a clear protective coating.

Origin and history: Evidence of nail care appears in ancient Egypt, China, and Mesopotamia. The modern manicure emerged in Europe and North America in the early 20th century with the growth of nail salons and commercially produced tools.

Process and variations: A standard professional manicure begins with soaking and cleansing the hands, trimming and shaping the nails, pushing back or removing excess cuticles, and smoothing the nail surface. The routine usually includes moisturising, and finish with base coat, color polish or a transparent finish, and top coat. Many salons offer gel, acrylic, or dip powder options that require curing under UV or LED light, as well as paraffin treatments and nail art.

Tools, hygiene, and safety: Manicure implements should be cleaned and sterilised between clients. Aggressive cuticle trimming can damage the nail plate or surrounding skin; people with infections or skin conditions should seek professional advice.

Nail care can be adapted for home use with basic tools and cautious technique.