mandibulakondylen

The mandibulul kondylen, commonly referred to as the mandibular condyle, is the rounded posterior end of the mandible that forms part of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) with the temporal bone. It consists of a superior articular head that sits within the mandibular fossa, separated from the fossa by an articular disc. The condyle is connected to the mandible by the neck and is enveloped by a fibrous capsule and a synovial lining.

Anatomy and movement: The condyle articulates with the temporal bone to allow both hinge (rotational) and gliding (translational) movements. These movements enable opening and closing of the mouth, as well as protrusion, retrusion, and lateral excursion. The articular disc cushions the joint and helps distribute loads during chewing. The surrounding capsule, ligaments, and surrounding muscles contribute to joint stability and function.

Development and variation: The mandibular condyle develops from the condylar process of the mandible and grows by endochondral ossification. Growth continues into adolescence and influences occlusion, facial height, and jaw alignment. Variation in size, shape, and articulation can affect TMJ mechanics.

Clinical relevance: The condyle is a common site of injury and pathology, including condylar fractures, temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJ disorders), disc displacement, osteoarthritis, and ankylosis. Such conditions can cause pain, limited mouth opening, and functional impairment. Diagnosis typically uses imaging modalities such as MRI for soft-tissue assessment and CT or CBCT for bony detail.

Imaging and diagnosis: MRI is preferred for evaluating disc position and soft tissue structures within the TMJ, while CT or CBCT provides high-resolution views of the condylar head and neck when bony pathology is suspected.