makrocytos

Makrocytosis refers to the presence of abnormally large red blood cells (erythrocytes) in the peripheral blood. This condition is typically identified through a complete blood count (CBC) test, where the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) is elevated above the normal range, generally exceeding 100 femtoliters (fL). Makrocytosis can occur independently or as a secondary feature in various underlying medical conditions.

The most common cause of makrocytosis is a deficiency in vitamin B12 or folate, both of which are essential for DNA synthesis and proper erythropoiesis. Without adequate levels of these nutrients, red blood cell production becomes impaired, leading to the formation of larger, immature cells. Other potential causes include alcohol abuse, liver disease, hypothyroidism, and certain medications such as antiretrovirals or chemotherapy drugs. Rarely, genetic disorders like megaloblastic anemia or hereditary elliptocytosis may also result in makrocytosis.

Symptoms of makrocytosis are often nonspecific and may include fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, and pale or yellowish skin. In some cases, particularly when caused by severe deficiencies, neurological symptoms such as numbness or tingling in the extremities may develop due to nerve damage. Diagnosis involves a combination of blood tests, including MCV measurement, vitamin B12 and folate levels, and further evaluation of liver and thyroid function if indicated.

Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Nutritional deficiencies are typically addressed through dietary changes or supplementation, while alcohol-related makrocytosis may require abstinence. In cases of liver disease or hypothyroidism, management focuses on addressing the primary condition. Regular monitoring and follow-up are essential to ensure proper resolution and prevent complications.