makeindex

makeindex is a utility program used in conjunction with document preparation systems like LaTeX to create an index from a specially formatted input file. It reads a file, typically named `yourdocument.idx`, which contains index entries generated by the LaTeX document's markup commands. makeindex sorts these entries alphabetically and groups them by page number, producing a structured output file, often `yourdocument.ind`. This output file is then incorporated back into the LaTeX document during a subsequent compilation step to generate the final index.

The process typically involves several steps. First, LaTeX is run on the source document, which generates the `.aux` file containing index entry information. Then, makeindex is invoked to process this information. Finally, LaTeX is run again, this time incorporating the generated index file into the document. makeindex supports various customization options, including different sorting rules, multi-language indexing, and the ability to define custom index styles. Its primary purpose is to automate the creation of a professional and well-organized index for technical and academic documents.