maapintaa
Maapintaa, meaning the earth’s surface, is the outermost boundary of the planet with which humans interact most directly. In geographic and geological contexts it encompasses the visible relief of the land as well as the surface layer of the oceans and coastlines where the atmosphere meets the solid and liquid Earth. The term is used to discuss topography, land cover, and near-surface processes without delving into the deeper crust or mantle.
The maapintaa includes features such as mountains, plains, plateaus, river valleys, coastlines, and the uppermost soil
Measurement and study of maapintaa rely on a combination of field observations and remote sensing. Techniques
Human relevance is broad: accurate representation of the maapintaa underpins urban planning, agriculture, forestry, and infrastructure