maanpuolustuskyvyn

Maanpuolustuskyvyn (defense capability) is a Finnish security concept describing the nation’s overall ability to deter and, if necessary, defend against aggression. It covers both military means and civilian resilience, and is central to Finland’s security policy.

It comprises military capabilities—armed forces, reserve system, training, and readiness—and civil defense—civil protection, emergency services, critical infrastructure protection, and continuity of governance and economy during crises. It also includes cyber and information security, border and coastal defense, and disaster preparedness.

Finnish policy organizes maanpuolustuskyvyn through a total defense approach (kokonaismaanpuolustus) that integrates military and civilian resources. The Defence Forces and the Ministry of Defence lead planning and training, and the nation relies on universal male conscription with voluntary service for women; a large reserve component ensures manpower during mobilization.

Internationally, maanpuolustuskyvyn is developed in coordination with allied partners; Finland’s NATO membership enhances interoperability and collective defense, while cooperation within the European Union and bilateral partnerships strengthens resilience and the defense industry.

Historically, the concept reflects Finland’s security context—long borders, contemporary deterrence needs, and the aim to maintain societal function under pressure. The emphasis is on combining military readiness with civilian preparedness to safeguard national sovereignty and critical functions in both peacetime and wartime.