mTORC2mediated

mTORC2mediated refers to processes or cellular events that are directly regulated or influenced by the activity of mTOR Complex 2 (mTORC2). mTORC2 is a critical protein kinase complex that plays a vital role in cellular growth, survival, metabolism, and cytoskeletal organization. It is composed of the mTOR kinase subunit and several regulatory proteins, including Rictor, mSIN1, protor1, and protor2. Unlike mTOR Complex 1 (mTORC1), mTORC2 is generally insensitive to rapamycin and is activated by growth factors and amino acids.

The primary substrates phosphorylated by mTORC2 include the AGC family of kinases, most notably Akt (also known as Protein Kinase B). Phosphorylation of Akt at serine 473 by mTORC2 is crucial for its full activation. Activated Akt then participates in numerous downstream signaling pathways that promote cell survival, inhibit apoptosis, and regulate glucose metabolism.

Beyond Akt, mTORC2 also phosphorylates other key proteins involved in cellular architecture and migration. These include protein kinase C (PKC) and serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1). By regulating these kinases, mTORC2 influences the actin cytoskeleton, affecting cell shape, adhesion, and motility. Dysregulation of mTORC2 signaling has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and neurological disorders, making mTORC2mediated pathways important targets for therapeutic intervention.