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Lice are small, parasitic insects that infest the hair and scalp of mammals, including humans. There are several species of lice, but the most common ones that infest humans are the human head louse and the pubic louse.

The human head louse (Pediculus humanus capitis) is the most common species of lice that infest humans. It is a grayish-white, wingless insect that is approximately 2-3 millimeters in length. Head lice are typically found on the scalp, particularly behind the ears and on the nape of the neck. They feed on the blood of the human host, and lay their eggs, called nits, on the hair shaft.

The pubic louse (Pthirus pubis) is another common species of lice that infest humans. It is a light brown to dark brown insect that is also wingless and approximately 2-4 millimeters in length. Pubic lice are typically found in the pubic area, but can also be found on the face, neck, and underarms.

Lice are spread through direct contact with an infested person, or by sharing personal items, such as combs, brushes, or towels. Lice are not a sign of poor hygiene, and anyone can get lice regardless of their personal cleanliness or lifestyle. Infestations can be treated with over-the-counter shampoos or prescription medications, and good hygiene practices, such as regular washing of clothing and bedding in hot water, can help prevent re-infestation.