légkeverék

Légkeverék, meaning "air mixture" in Hungarian, refers to a specific type of fuel-air mixture used in internal combustion engines, particularly in automotive and aviation contexts. It is the precisely controlled combination of fuel vapor and air that is drawn into the engine's cylinders to be ignited and produce power. The optimal ratio of fuel to air is crucial for efficient combustion, maximum power output, and minimizing emissions.

Engine management systems, often referred to as ECUs (Electronic Control Units), are responsible for calculating and maintaining the correct légkeverék. They do this by monitoring various sensors, such as the mass airflow sensor, oxygen sensor, and throttle position sensor, to determine the amount of air entering the engine and the required amount of fuel to be injected. This process is often described in terms of the air-fuel ratio (AFR). A stoichiometric AFR, considered ideal for complete combustion, is approximately 14.7 parts of air to 1 part of fuel by mass for gasoline.

Deviations from the ideal légkeverék can have significant consequences. A "rich" mixture, with an excess of fuel, can lead to incomplete combustion, reduced fuel economy, and increased carbon monoxide emissions. Conversely, a "lean" mixture, with an excess of air, can result in higher engine temperatures, potential damage to engine components, and increased nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions. Therefore, achieving and maintaining the correct légkeverék is a fundamental aspect of internal combustion engine operation and design.