lämmönsäröä

Lammonsäröä refers to the stress and potential damage that can occur in materials due to rapid or uneven temperature changes. When a material is heated or cooled, its constituent parts expand or contract. If this process happens quickly, or if different parts of the material experience different temperatures, internal stresses can build up. These stresses arise because some parts of the material are trying to expand or contract while being constrained by adjacent, cooler or warmer parts.

This phenomenon is particularly relevant in materials with low thermal conductivity, such as ceramics, glass, and some composites. These materials do not transfer heat efficiently, leading to greater temperature gradients within them during thermal cycling. In extreme cases, the tensile stresses generated by thermal expansion can exceed the material's tensile strength, resulting in cracking, fracturing, or complete disintegration.

Examples of lammonsäröä can be observed in everyday situations. Pouring hot water into a cold ceramic mug can cause the mug to crack due to the rapid temperature difference between the inner and outer walls. Similarly, a heated piece of glass suddenly cooled by water will likely shatter. In engineering, understanding and mitigating lammonsäröä is crucial for the design of components subjected to thermal loads, such as engine parts, heat exchangers, and ovenware. Design strategies to minimize lammonsäröä include using materials with high thermal shock resistance, controlling the rate of temperature change, and incorporating geometries that reduce stress concentrations.