lymphedemához

Lymphedema is a chronic condition characterized by the swelling of one or more limbs, often the arms or legs. It occurs when the lymphatic system, which plays a crucial role in draining lymph fluid from tissues, is damaged or blocked. This blockage prevents lymph fluid from circulating properly, causing it to accumulate in the interstitial spaces, leading to swelling.

There are two main types of lymphedema: primary and secondary. Primary lymphedema is a rare genetic condition caused by inherited abnormalities in the lymphatic system. It can manifest at birth or develop later in life. Secondary lymphedema is more common and results from damage to the lymphatic system due to external factors. This can include surgery, particularly lymph node removal during cancer treatment (such as mastectomy for breast cancer), radiation therapy, infection, trauma, or chronic venous insufficiency.

Symptoms of lymphedema typically include swelling in a limb, a feeling of heaviness or tightness, restricted range of motion, and recurrent infections in the affected area. In some cases, the skin may thicken and harden. The diagnosis of lymphedema is usually made based on a physical examination and medical history. Imaging techniques like lymphoscintigraphy can help assess lymphatic function.

While there is no cure for lymphedema, effective management strategies can help control the swelling and improve quality of life. These often involve a combination of treatments, including complete decongestive therapy (CDT), which encompasses manual lymphatic drainage (a specialized massage technique), compression therapy (using bandages or garments), exercise, and meticulous skin care. Early diagnosis and consistent management are key to preventing complications and maintaining limb function.