lymfödeema

Lymfödeema is a chronic condition characterized by swelling caused by a blockage in the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system is a network of vessels and nodes that helps the body fight infection and drain excess fluid. When this system is damaged or obstructed, lymph fluid can accumulate in the tissues, leading to swelling, most commonly in the arms or legs.

There are two main types of lymfödeema. Primary lymfödeema is a rare, inherited condition that develops due to abnormalities in the lymphatic system from birth. Secondary lymfödeema is more common and occurs as a result of damage to the lymphatic system. Causes of secondary lymfödeema include surgery (particularly cancer surgery where lymph nodes are removed), radiation therapy, infection, or trauma. Breast cancer treatment is a frequent cause of secondary lymfödeema in the arm.

Symptoms can range from mild puffiness to significant enlargement of a limb. Other symptoms may include a feeling of heaviness or tightness, restricted range of motion, recurrent infections, and skin changes such as thickening or hardening. The swelling can be painful and significantly impact a person's quality of life.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, a review of medical history, and sometimes imaging tests like lymphoscintigraphy or MRI to assess the lymphatic system. There is currently no cure for lymfödeema, but it can be effectively managed through various treatment strategies. These often include decongestive therapy, which involves manual lymphatic drainage massage, compression garments, exercise, and meticulous skin care to prevent infection. Early diagnosis and consistent management are crucial for controlling symptoms and preventing progression of the condition.