lurinalyse

Lurinalyse, or urinalysis, is a laboratory examination of urine used to detect and monitor a wide range of conditions, including urinary tract infections, kidney disease, diabetes, and dehydration. It combines macroscopic, chemical, and microscopic evaluation to provide information about the urinary tract and systemic health.

The analysis typically proceeds in several steps. Visual inspection notes color, clarity, and odor. Chemical analysis is commonly performed with a dipstick that measures parameters such as pH, specific gravity, protein, glucose, ketones, bilirubin, urobilinogen, nitrites, and leukocyte esterase. Microscopic examination analyzes the sediment for red and white blood cells, bacteria, crystals, casts, epithelial cells, and other elements. If infection is suspected or abnormalities are found, a urine culture may be performed to identify pathogens and guide treatment.

Specimen collection is crucial for accurate results. The preferred method is a midstream clean-catch sample to minimize contamination. Alternatives include catheterized samples or suprapubic aspiration, often reserved for specific clinical situations. Pre-analytical factors such as recent fluid intake, timing of collection, medications, and prior exercise can influence results. Proper storage and prompt analysis reduce degradation or changes in the sample.

Interpretation relies on the combination of results from all components. For example, nitrites and leukocyte esterase suggest infection; protein or blood can indicate kidney or urinary tract involvement; abnormal glucose or ketones may reflect metabolic conditions; abnormal pH or crystals can indicate stone risk or dietary influences. Results are compared with laboratory reference ranges and clinical context.