lungoperation

A lung operation is a surgical procedure performed on the lungs or pleural space to diagnose, treat, or palliate disease. Surgeries may involve removing diseased tissue, repairing airways, draining infection, or enlarging the space around the lungs. They can be performed through open incisions or using minimally invasive techniques.

Common procedures include pneumonectomy, the removal of an entire lung; lobectomy, the removal of one lobe; segmentectomy or wedge resection, the removal of a lung segment or a smaller wedge-shaped portion. Pleural procedures such as decortication (removal of thickened pleural tissue) or pleurodesis (adhering the pleural layers to prevent fluid buildup or recurrent pneumothorax) may be performed for pleural disease. In cases of end-stage lung disease, lung transplantation may be considered. The goal of these operations ranges from curative resection of cancer to relief of symptoms and restoration of breathing mechanics.

Techniques vary by procedure and surgeon preference. Open thoracotomy provides wide access, while video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and robotic-assisted thoracic surgery offer less invasive options with potentially shorter recovery. Postoperative care commonly includes chest tube management, pain control, and pulmonary rehabilitation to prevent complications such as pneumonia or blood clots.

Indications commonly include malignancy (lung cancer), benign tumors, chronic infections, severe localized emphysema, trauma, or recurrent fluid or air in the pleural space. Preoperative assessment typically involves imaging, pulmonary function testing, and anesthesia evaluation to determine surgical risk.

Risks include bleeding, infection, air leaks, pneumothorax, respiratory failure, and, less commonly, death. Outcomes depend on the underlying disease, the extent of resection, and the use of minimally invasive techniques.