lungeødem

Lungeødem, also known as pulmonary edema, is a medical condition characterized by an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the air sacs (alveoli) within the lungs. This fluid buildup impairs the lungs' ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream, leading to shortness of breath and difficulty breathing.

The most common cause of lungeødem is cardiogenic, meaning it is related to heart problems. When the heart is weakened, such as in cases of heart failure, it cannot pump blood effectively. This can cause blood to back up in the veins leading to the lungs, increasing pressure and forcing fluid into the alveoli. Other causes of cardiogenic lungeødem can include heart attack, valve problems, or uncontrolled high blood pressure.

Non-cardiogenic lungeødem, also known as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), can arise from direct lung injury. This can be caused by infections like pneumonia, severe injuries, inhaled toxins, sepsis, or near-drowning. In these cases, the lung tissue itself becomes inflamed and leaky, allowing fluid to enter the air sacs.

Symptoms of lungeødem can vary in severity but typically include extreme shortness of breath, a feeling of suffocation, coughing up frothy or pink-tinged sputum, rapid heart rate, and a bluish discoloration of the skin (cyanosis). In severe cases, it can be a life-threatening emergency.

Diagnosis usually involves a physical examination, chest X-ray or CT scan to visualize the fluid, and sometimes an echocardiogram to assess heart function. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause and improving oxygenation. This may include administering oxygen, medications to improve heart function, diuretics to remove excess fluid, or ventilation support. Prompt medical attention is crucial for managing lungeødem effectively.