luftvägsepitelet

Luftvägsepitelet is the epithelial lining of the respiratory tract. This specialized tissue plays a crucial role in protecting the lungs and facilitating gas exchange. It covers the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles. The structure of the luftvägsepitelet varies depending on its location within the respiratory system, but it is generally characterized by a layer of cells that are continuously renewed.

A key feature of the luftvägsepitelet, particularly in the trachea and larger bronchi, is the presence of ciliated cells. These cells have tiny hair-like projections called cilia that beat in a coordinated rhythm. This rhythmic beating propels mucus and trapped foreign particles, such as dust and pathogens, upwards towards the pharynx, where they can be swallowed or coughed out. This mucociliary escalator mechanism is a vital defense system for the lungs, preventing the accumulation of harmful substances.

Other important cell types within the luftvägsepitelet include goblet cells, which produce and secrete mucus, and basal cells, which serve as stem cells for the regeneration of the epithelium. In the smaller airways and alveoli, the epithelium becomes thinner, consisting primarily of squamous epithelial cells, which are ideal for efficient diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide. The integrity and function of the luftvägsepitelet are essential for maintaining respiratory health.