lowcertainty
Low certainty describes the state in which confidence in a claim, estimate, or forecast is limited due to insufficient or unreliable evidence. It is a relative notion that depends on the standards of evidence in a field and the potential consequences of being wrong.
In statistics and data analysis, certainty is often expressed as a confidence interval, a p-value, or a
Causes of low certainty include small sample sizes, measurement error, sampling bias, missing data, methodological flaws,
Measurement and communication of uncertainty rely on quantification when possible, through intervals or probability statements, while
Strategies to reduce low certainty include collecting more data, improving measurement methods, validating models, using Bayesian