loppuenergia

Loppuenergia, or final energy, is the amount of energy that is delivered to and used by end-users after energy has undergone transformations and distribution losses in the supply chain. It covers the energy that households, businesses and other consumers actually consume, including electricity, district heating, fuels for transport, and other energy carriers sold for final use.

The concept is distinct from primary energy, which accounts for the raw energy content before any conversion or losses. Final energy reflects the usable energy that reaches the end-user, while primary energy includes the broader energy input required to produce that usable energy. In energy statistics, final energy is typically larger than the energy directly consumed, once efficiency and conversion losses are accounted for in the system.

Final energy is usually measured in common energy units such as terawatt-hours (TWh) or petajoules (PJ). Statistics often break final energy down by sector (households, services, industry, transport) and by energy carrier (electricity, district heating, liquid fuels, natural gas, coal, renewables). This breakdown helps analyze energy demand, efficiency, and decarbonization pathways.

In policy and planning, loppuenergia is used to assess energy consumption patterns, track progress toward efficiency targets, and model the effects of electrification, fuel switching, and heating choices. The term is standard in Finnish energy statistics and policy discussions and is often used interchangeably with the English term “final energy consumption,” reflecting the energy that ultimately powers end-use activities rather than the energy content of fuels before conversion.