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Cattle are domesticated bovine animals, widely kept as livestock for their meat, milk, and hides. They are members of the subfamily Bovinae and are descended from the wild aurochs. Cattle are raised in diverse environments across the globe, playing a significant role in agriculture and economies. There are numerous breeds of cattle, each developed for specific purposes such as beef production, dairy production, or draft work. Beef cattle breeds are typically characterized by their rapid growth and muscular development, while dairy breeds are selected for their high milk production.

The primary products derived from cattle are beef, a significant source of protein in many diets, and milk, which is consumed directly or processed into various dairy products like cheese, butter, and yogurt. Cattle hides are also a valuable byproduct, used in the leather industry for clothing, footwear, and accessories. Historically, cattle have also served as draft animals for plowing fields and transportation.

Cattle farming practices vary widely, from extensive grazing on open pastures to intensive confinement in feedlots. The management of cattle involves considerations for nutrition, health, reproduction, and welfare. Diseases and parasites can affect cattle populations, necessitating veterinary care and biosecurity measures. The environmental impact of cattle farming, particularly regarding greenhouse gas emissions and land use, is a subject of ongoing research and discussion.