litostratigráfiában

Litostratigraphy is a branch of stratigraphy that focuses on the description and classification of sedimentary rocks and sequences based on their lithological characteristics. Lithology refers to the physical properties of a rock, such as its composition, texture, color, grain size, and sedimentary structures. The fundamental unit of lithostratigraphy is the lithostratigraphic unit, which is a body of rock defined by its lithological features. These units are arranged in a vertical succession, forming sequences that reflect the geological history of a region. Lithostratigraphy aims to establish a framework for correlating rock units across different locations and to understand the depositional environments and geological processes that formed them. It is distinct from chronostratigraphy, which uses time as its basis, and biostratigraphy, which uses fossils. Lithostratigraphic units are named based on geographic locations where they are well-exposed and characteristic. The hierarchy of lithostratigraphic units includes groups, formations, members, and beds, with formations being the most widely used and fundamental unit. The principles of lithostratigraphy are applied in various geological disciplines, including petroleum exploration, groundwater studies, and civil engineering projects, to understand subsurface geology and resource potential.