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Literalist, often abbreviated as "literalist," refers to an individual or a school of thought that adheres strictly to the literal meaning of words and texts. This approach emphasizes interpreting language or scripture in its most direct and plain sense, without seeking allegorical, symbolic, or deeper hidden meanings. Literalists tend to believe that the intended meaning of a statement is precisely what is conveyed by the individual words used, in their common and straightforward usage.

In the context of religious studies, literalism is a prominent hermeneutical stance. Literalists in this domain interpret religious texts, such as the Bible or the Quran, as historically and factually accurate accounts of events and teachings. This can lead to interpretations that differ significantly from those who employ historical-critical methods or allegorical readings. For example, a literal interpretation of creation accounts in religious texts might reject scientific theories like evolution in favor of a direct, day-by-day creation narrative.

The concept of literalism can also extend beyond religious texts to the interpretation of legal documents, poetry, or everyday language. In legal contexts, literalism can mean strictly adhering to the exact wording of a statute or contract. In everyday communication, a literalist might take idioms or sarcastic remarks at face value, leading to misunderstandings. While offering clarity and a grounding in direct meaning, literalism can sometimes be criticized for its inflexibility and potential to overlook nuance, metaphor, or evolving interpretations.