lisämunuaiskuorta

Lisämunuaiskuori, also known as the adrenal cortex, is the outer region of the adrenal gland. This vital endocrine organ produces a variety of hormones essential for numerous bodily functions. It is divided into three distinct zones, each with specialized cells responsible for synthesizing different types of steroids.

The outermost layer, the zona glomerulosa, is primarily responsible for producing mineralocorticoids, with aldosterone being the most significant. Aldosterone plays a crucial role in regulating electrolyte balance, particularly sodium and potassium levels, and consequently influences blood pressure and fluid volume.

Beneath the zona glomerulosa lies the zona fasciculata, the thickest layer of the adrenal cortex. This zone synthesizes glucocorticoids, the most important of which is cortisol. Cortisol is involved in a wide range of metabolic processes, including glucose regulation, fat and protein metabolism, and immune system function. It also helps the body respond to stress.

The innermost layer of the adrenal cortex is the zona reticularis. This zone produces androgens, which are sex hormones. In humans, the primary adrenal androgens are dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione. While their functions are less prominent than those of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids, they contribute to the development of secondary sexual characteristics and have roles in various metabolic processes. The adrenal cortex's hormone production is regulated by the pituitary gland's adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and the renin-angiotensin system.