lisäjuottamis
Lisäjuottaminen, or supplementary feeding, is the practice of providing additional liquid nutrition to newborn or compromised young animals when the dam's milk is insufficient or not available. It is used in various livestock sectors, including dairy cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs, and aims to ensure adequate energy intake and, for neonates, early immune protection through colostrum.
Practices include bottle feeding and tube feeding (gavage). Feedings may use pasteurized colostrum, commercially available milk
Colostrum is critical in the first hours after birth; if the dam cannot provide enough, substitutes from
Risks include aspiration during tube feeding or choking, diarrhea from improper formula, and overfeeding. Monitoring growth,