lisäjuottamis

Lisäjuottaminen, or supplementary feeding, is the practice of providing additional liquid nutrition to newborn or compromised young animals when the dam's milk is insufficient or not available. It is used in various livestock sectors, including dairy cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs, and aims to ensure adequate energy intake and, for neonates, early immune protection through colostrum.

Practices include bottle feeding and tube feeding (gavage). Feedings may use pasteurized colostrum, commercially available milk replacer or whole milk (where appropriate), prepared according to species-specific guidelines. The choice of method depends on the animal's ability to suckle, health status, and the caretaker's experience. The frequency and total daily amount are tailored to species, age, and growth targets, with veterinary guidance as needed.

Colostrum is critical in the first hours after birth; if the dam cannot provide enough, substitutes from healthy donor animals or colostrum banks should be used. Hygiene is essential: clean utensils, proper bottle nipples, and sterile or properly stored colostrum/milk; warming to body temperature helps consumption and digestion.

Risks include aspiration during tube feeding or choking, diarrhea from improper formula, and overfeeding. Monitoring growth, hydration, and signs of illness is important, and any persistent problems should involve a veterinarian. Legislation and welfare standards may govern feeding practices, labeling, and milk handling in farming operations.